Econometrica

Journal Of The Econometric Society

An International Society for the Advancement of Economic
Theory in its Relation to Statistics and Mathematics

Edited by: Guido W. Imbens • Print ISSN: 0012-9682 • Online ISSN: 1468-0262

Econometrica: Nov, 2012, Volume 80, Issue 6

Ambiguity in the Small and in the Large

https://doi.org/10.3982/ECTA9367
p. 2827-2847

Paolo Ghirardato, Marciano Siniscalchi

This paper considers local and global multiple‐prior representations of ambiguity for preferences that are (i) monotonic, (ii) Bernoullian, that is, admit an affine utility representation when restricted to constant acts, and (iii) locally Lipschitz continuous. We do not require either certainty independence or uncertainty aversion. We show that the set of priors identified by Ghirardato, Maccheroni, and Marinacci's (2004) “unambiguous preference” relation can be characterized as a union of Clarke differentials. We then introduce a behavioral notion of “locally better deviation” at an act and show that it characterizes the Clarke differential of the preference representation at that act. These results suggest that the priors identified by these preference statements are directly related to (local) optimizing behavior.


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Supplemental Material

Supplement to "Ambiguity in the Small and in the Large"

This document contains a characterization of locally Lipschitz and nice preferences, calculations for Example 4, a behavioral test for relevant priors, and additional technical results.

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