Faced with the lowest (and declining) fertility rate in Canada, the government of the province of Quebec (where the population is mostly French) decided in 1986 to implement incrementally a variety of generous benefits. The 1986-1997 window offers a 'natural experiment' to evaluate the effects of generous tax and transfer policies on fertility. The paper uses the important change in family policy that occurred in only one province out of ten in Canada to identify the treatment effects. A difference-in-differences estimator is calculated to identify the impact of the 1986-1996 'natural experiment'.