p.399

Rationing, Quantity Constraints, and Consumption Theory

David H. Howard

Abstract

This paper presents a general proof of a fundamental proposition of rationing theory and demonstrates that it applies to some basic postulates of macroeconomic theory, including the consumption function. The approach used is to study individual consumer behavior under conditions of quantity constraints. In so doing, the choice-theoretic foundations of the household sector's excess demand functions, as well as the functions themselves, in a general disequilibrium model are developed. These functions include quantities as well as prices as arguments. The response to a change in an effective quantity constraint is shown to depend on the substitutability between the goods involved. Responses to price changes are also determined. The results are then related to the literature on macroeconomic disequilibrium.